为实现电力供应业务活动的公平性和透明性，以及为印度尼西亚电力销售协议的实施提供法律确定性，能源和矿产资源部通过《2017年第10号能源和矿产资源部长条例：电力买卖协议要素》（ESDM 0/2017）规定了印尼国有电力公司（PLN，以下简称为国有电力）和商业实体之间的电力买卖协议的基本要素。其中，国有电力作为“买方”，商业实体作为电力的“卖方”。
In the view to realize a just and transparent electricity provision business sector as well as to ensure legal certainty in the implementation of Electricity Sale and Purchase Agreement (ESPA) in Indonesia, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) through the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation (MEMRR) No. 10 Year 2017 concerning the Major Substance of Electricity Sale and Purchase Agreement (MEMRR 10/2017) has stipulated the minimum contents of an ESPA to be drawn up by and between PT. Perusahaan Listrik Negara/PT. PLN (Persero) as “Purchaser” and the business entity (hereinafter referred to as “BE”) as electricity “Seller”.
《2017年第10号能源和矿产资源部长条例》中规定的协议要素重点聚焦于所有类型的发电厂的商业性质，除间歇性新能源和可再生能源发电厂、10兆瓦以下的水力发电厂、沼气发电厂和城市垃圾发电厂。每个通过建设、拥有、运营、移交（BOOT）的合作模式开展的电力买卖协议的有效期最长为30年。
The substances stipulated in the MEMRR focus on the commercial aspects applicable for every kind of power plant, excluding the new and renewable energy power plants with intermittent electricity generation capacity, hydro power plant with capacity <10 MW, biogas power plant, and waste-to-energy plant. The maximum duration of an ESPA is 30 (thirty) years, using the cooperation pattern of Build, Own, Operate, Transfer (BOOT).
作为电力买卖协议中的电力卖方，商业实体需依据协议要求提供电力。电力买卖协议中至少应约定：
BE as electricity seller is obliged to provide the amount of energy as determined contractually. The content of an ESPA should cover the following:
-
电力买卖协议有效期
Duration of ESPA -
卖方和买方的权利
Rights and obligations of theparties -
风险承担
Risks allocation -
项目业绩指标 Project performance
-
调试和商业运营日期
Commissioning and Commercial Operation Date (COD) -
燃料供应
Supply of raw energy -
移交
Transaction -
系统运营调控
Control over operational system -
对绩效不佳的惩罚
Penalty for underperformance -
电力买卖协议终止
Termination of ESPA -
权利转让
Transfer of rights -
适用于价格调整的条件
Conditions applicable for price adjustment -
争议解决
Dispute settlement；和 and -
不可抗力
Force majeure
所有有意涉足电力行业的商业实体都需要重视该行业的法律风险，即重视征地、许可、燃料供应、施工进度准时率、发电厂性能和不可抗力等问题。以上问题涉及土地/土地管理、许可制度复杂性、基础设施匮乏、劳工纠纷、项目管理和自然灾害等阻碍印度尼西亚商业活动正常进行的常见问题。 因此，在此鼓励所有投资者都仔细评估可能涉及的所有风险，并在项目规划阶段就针对此类风险制定方案。
Any business entities involved in the electricity sector need to pay careful attention to the risks allocated to it by law i.e., concerning land acquisition, licensing, availability of fuel, punctuality of construction schedule, performance of power plant, and force majeure. These surround the issue of agrarian/land management, complexity of licensing regime, the lack of infrastructure, labor issues, project management, and the state of nature, all of which are the most common issues hampering business activities in Indonesia. Therefore, all BEs are encouraged to carefully calculate all risks involved and plan the mitigation scheme against such risks as early as in the project planning stage.
为了促进对电力行业的投资，政府不断更新政策，其中包括制定《2017年第49号能源和矿产资源部长条例》和《2018年第10号能源和矿产资源部长条例》前后对《2017年第10号能源和矿产资源部长条例》进行修改，具体修改要点如下：
In order to generate greater investment in the electricity sector, the Government has continually made improvements, including 2 amendments to the MEMRR 10/2017 through the MEMRR No. 49 Year 2017 and MEMRR No. 10 Year 2018. Some alteration points are as follows:
若国有电力应非自然灾害等不可抗力因素引起的系统断电，国家电力公司有义务等价支付断电期间本应由卖家提供的电力
Where any disruption occurs in the network of PT. PLN not because of a force majeure event (natural disaster), PT. PLN shall be obliged to pay the electricity deemed dispatched by the BE;
考虑到商业实体的金融贷方的投资回报，国有电力应在内双方认可的一段时间内进行购电和电力供应
The purchase and offtake of electricity by PT. PLN shall be mutually agreed to be conducted for certain period of time, taking into account the return on investment for the BE’s financial lenders;
国有电力享有对发电厂燃料供应商的选择权，即“交付或支付”举例讲：若国有电力的燃气供应商无法（依照协议要求）提供足量的燃气给商业实体，则将追究其责任并要求该供应商支付一定数额的罚款；和
The option for power plant fuel supply by PT. PLN with the terms “deliver or pay” i.e., when any gas supplier from PT. PLN fails to adequately supply to the BE, that supplier will then be held accountable and therefore will pay certain amount of penalty; and
如果发生自然灾害导致商业实体无法完成供电，可考虑适当延长电力买卖协议有效期，延长时间依据灾害持续时间和修复时间的总时长而定。
Where a natural disaster occurs to cause a failure of electricity supply by the BE, the ESPA may be consequently extended with an additional period similar to the duration of the disaster, taking into account the time required for recovery.
这些改动旨在在买方国有电力和卖方商业实体之间建立更加平衡的法律关系，从而使得双方之间的合作更加安全可靠和利益最大化。
These alterations are aimed to set a more balanced and proportional legal standing between PT. PLN as the electricity purchaser and BEs as electricity seller, so that the cooperation entered into becomes increasingly profitable and safe for both parties.
